What is india in 13th century?

In the 13th century, India was a land of rich cultural diversity with various dynasties ruling different regions. The Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, which ruled over most of northern India. The Chola dynasty had declined by this time, and the Pandya and Hoysala empires ruled over South India.

During this period, Indian culture and literature thrived, especially in the form of Sanskrit poetry and literature. Many new literary styles emerged, such as the Dhrupad style of Hindustani classical music. The famous literary works of this period include the epic poem ‘Ram Charit Manas’ by Tulsidas and ‘Vikramorvashiyam’ by Kalidasa.

India also witnessed the arrival of various foreign travelers and traders, including Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta and Niccolo Conti. The Indian Ocean trade flourished with Indian merchants exporting goods such as silk, spices, textiles and jewelry to foreign lands.

Religious movements such as Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Sufism gained prominence during the 13th century. Many famous temples, mosques, and tombs were constructed during this time, such as the Qutub Minar in Delhi, the Ellora Caves in Maharashtra, and the Sun Temple in Konark, Odisha.

The 13th century was a time of political instability in India, with frequent battles for power between different dynasties. However, it was also a time of cultural and artistic renaissance in India, with many significant contributions to Indian literature, music, and architecture.